Computer Networks PCCST501 Semester 5 KTU CS 2024 Scheme - Dr Binu V P

About Me  - Dr Binu  V P Model Question Paper Computer Networks PCCST501 KTU 2024 Scheme Syllabus Computer Networks PCCST501 KTU 2024 Scheme Do the programs to better understand the concept. Networks Lab PCCSL507 Module I Overview of the Computer Network and Internet Introduction to Computer Networks LAN ( Local Area Network ) WAN ( Wide Area Network) Comparison LAN and WAN Introduction to Internetwork Switched Network ( Circuit Switched and Packet Switched Network ) Comparison between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching Introduction to the Internet Brief History of the Internet Protocol Layering Introdcution to Protocol Layering TCP/IP Protocol Suite Functions of Each Layer in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite Encapsulation and Decapsulation in Protocol Layering Addressing in Protocol Layering Multiplexing and Demultiplexing in Protocol Layering ISO and the OSI Model Detailed Comparison of TCP/IP and OSI Model Application Layer Introduction to the Application Layer and ...

  Introduction to Computer Networks What is a Computer Network? A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that can communicate and share data with each other. These devices may include: Desktop computers Laptops Smartphones Servers Printers Routers Switches The connection between devices can be established using: Wired media → cables such as Ethernet or fiber optics Wireless media → Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular communication, etc. Simple Definition A computer network is the interconnection of devices capable of exchanging information. Why Do We Need Computer Networks? Computer networks are used to: Share Resources Printers Files Internet connection Enable Communication Email Video conferencing Messaging Share Data Databases Cloud storage Multimedia content Improve Reliability and Efficiency Backup systems Distributed processing Example of a Small Network When two computers at home a...

  Introduction to the Internet What is the Internet? An internet (with lowercase i ) refers to two or more interconnected networks that can communicate with each other. The most famous and largest internetwork is the Internet (with uppercase I ). Definition The Internet is a global system of interconnected networks that allows communication and resource sharing among millions of users worldwide. Structure of the Internet The Internet consists of three main parts: Backbone Networks Provider Networks Customer Networks 1. Backbone Networks Backbones are: Large high-speed networks Owned by major communication companies Examples: AT&T Verizon Sprint NTT These networks form the core of the Internet. Peering Points Backbone networks are interconnected through complex switching systems called: Peering Points These allow backbone networks to exchange data with one another. 2. Provider Networks Provider networks: Connect to backbo...

  Comparison Between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching Feature Circuit Switching Packet Switching Communication Type           Continuous           Packet-based Path           Dedicated path           Shared path Resource Usage           Reserved for entire session           Used only when transmitting Efficiency           Less efficient           More efficient Delay           Minimal after setup           Possible queuing delay Storage in Switches           No           Yes Best Suited For           Voice calls           Computer networks and Internet

  Switched Network Introduction A switched network is a network in which a device called a switch connects two or more communication links together. The switch receives data from one link and forwards it to another link whenever needed. Definition A switched network is a communication network in which switches are used to forward data from one link to another. Role of a Switch A switch performs the task of: Receiving data Determining the destination Forwarding the data to the correct link In modern communication systems, switching helps multiple users communicate efficiently. Types of Switched Networks There are two main types of switched networks: Circuit-Switched Network Packet-Switched Network 1. Circuit-Switched Network Introduction In a circuit-switched network , a dedicated communication path called a circuit is established between two end systems before communication begins. The path remains reserved during the entire communication sess...

Introduction to Internetwork What is an Internetwork? An Internetwork (or internet ) is formed when two or more networks are connected together to allow communication between them. These networks may be: LANs WANs Or a combination of both Definition An internetwork is a collection of interconnected networks that communicate with one another as a single system. Why is Internetworking Needed? Today, networks rarely exist in isolation. Organizations often have: Multiple offices Different departments Networks in different locations To enable communication between all these networks, they are interconnected to form an internetwork. Example of an Internetwork Consider a company with: One office on the east coast Another office on the west coast Each office has its own LAN. To allow communication between employees in different offices: The company leases a WAN connection from a service provider The WAN connects the two LANs Now both networks bec...

  Comparison Between LAN and WAN Feature LAN (Local Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network) Full Form Local Area Network Wide Area Network Geographical Coverage Covers a small area such as a room, office, building, or campus Covers a large area such as a city, country, or the world Ownership Usually privately owned by an individual or organization Usually owned and managed by communication companies or service providers Purpose Connects devices within a limited area Connects multiple LANs and networks over long distances Devices Connected Mainly connects hosts such as computers, printers, and servers Mainly connects networking devices such as routers, switches, and modems Communication Speed Generally high speed Usually slower compared to LAN Transmission Media Ethernet cables, Wi-Fi Fiber optics, leased lines, satellite links, telephone lines Cost Lower installation and maintenance cost Higher installation and maintenance cost Data Transfer Delay Very low delay Higher delay due to ...

  Introduction to Wide Area Network (WAN) What is a WAN? A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that connects devices or networks over a large geographical area such as: A town A state A country The entire world Unlike a LAN, which is limited to a small area, a WAN covers a much wider region. Definition A Wide Area Network (WAN) is an interconnection of devices capable of communication over a large geographical area. Characteristics of a WAN 1. Large Geographical Coverage A WAN can span: Cities Countries Continents Example: Banking networks Airline reservation systems 2. Connects Networking Devices A LAN mainly connects hosts such as computers and printers. A WAN mainly connects connecting devices such as: Routers Switches Modems These devices help transfer data between distant networks. 3. Usually Managed by Service Providers LANs are generally privately owned. WANs are usually: Created by communication companies Managed...

  Introduction to Local Area Network (LAN) What is a LAN? A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that connects devices within a limited geographical area such as: A home An office A building A school campus A LAN is usually privately owned and managed by an individual or organization. Definition A LAN is a network that interconnects hosts in a single office, building, or campus to enable communication and resource sharing. Characteristics of a LAN 1. Limited Geographical Area A LAN covers a small area compared to larger networks like WANs. Examples: Computer lab in a college Office network in a company Home Wi-Fi network 2. High-Speed Communication Since devices are located close to each other, LANs provide: Faster data transfer Lower delay Efficient communication 3. Private Ownership LANs are generally owned and maintained by: Schools Companies Universities Home users 4. Resource Sharing LANs allow multiple users to shar...