DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

 

DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is an application-layer, client-server protocol used to automatically configure hosts with IP addressing information. It avoids the need for manual IP address configuration.

What information does DHCP provide?

DHCP can provide a host with:

  • IP address
  • Network prefix / subnet mask
  • Default router (gateway) address
  • DNS/name server address

Basic DHCP operation

The basic process can be remembered as DORA:

  1. DHCPDISCOVER – Client broadcasts a request for an IP address.
  2. DHCPOFFER – DHCP server offers an IP address and lease time.
  3. DHCPREQUEST – Client selects an offer and requests that address.
  4. DHCPACK – Server confirms the allocation.

Example: When a laptop connects to a Wi-Fi network, DHCP can automatically assign it an IP address such as 192.168.1.20 along with the required network configuration.

DHCP is an application-layer client-server protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration information to hosts. It can provide the IP address, subnet/prefix information, default gateway, and DNS server address. Its basic operation is DHCPDISCOVER → DHCPOFFER → DHCPREQUEST → DHCPACK

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