Web Documents

 

Web Documents

Introduction

A web document is a file or resource stored on a web server that can be accessed using a web browser through the World Wide Web (WWW).

Based on how they are created and processed, web documents are classified into three types:

  1. Static Documents
  2. Dynamic Documents
  3. Active Documents

Types of Web Documents

TypeCreatedExecutedContent
Static Document    Before request    Server only        Fixed
Dynamic Document    At request time    Server        Changes with each request
Active Document    Before request    Client (Browser)        Interactive

1. Static Documents

Definition

A static document is a web page whose contents are created in advance and stored on the web server.

Whenever a client requests the page, the server sends a copy of the stored document without modifying its contents.

Characteristics

  • Fixed content
  • Stored permanently on the server
  • Same content is sent to every user
  • Users cannot modify the original document

Working

  1. Client requests the web page.
  2. Server retrieves the stored file.
  3. Server sends a copy to the browser.
  4. Browser displays the document.

Languages Used

Static documents are commonly created using:

  • HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
  • XML (Extensible Markup Language)
  • XSL (Extensible Style Language)
  • XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language)

Examples

  • College home page
  • Company profile
  • Online brochure
  • Course syllabus

2. Dynamic Documents

Definition

A dynamic document is generated by the web server at the time a client requests it.

Instead of sending a stored file, the server executes a program or script to create the document and then sends the generated result to the client.

Characteristics

  • Generated on demand
  • Content changes with each request
  • Executed on the server
  • Suitable for frequently changing information

Working

  1. Client requests the page.
  2. Server executes a program or script.
  3. A new document is generated.
  4. Generated page is sent to the browser.

Technologies Used

Dynamic documents can be created using:

  • Java Server Pages (JSP)
  • Active Server Pages (ASP)
  • ColdFusion
  • CGI (Common Gateway Interface)

Examples

  • Current date and time
  • Weather information
  • Stock market prices
  • Online banking account details

3. Active Documents

Definition

An active document is a web document that contains a program or script executed at the client (browser) side.

The server sends the program to the browser, where it runs locally.

Characteristics

  • Executed on the client
  • Provides interactive features
  • Supports animation and user interaction
  • Improves user experience

Working

  1. Client requests the document.
  2. Server sends the program or script.
  3. Browser executes it locally.
  4. User interacts with the application.

Technologies Used

  • Java Applets
  • JavaScript

Examples

  • Interactive forms
  • Animations
  • Online games
  • Client-side validation

Comparison of Web Documents

FeatureStatic DocumentDynamic DocumentActive Document
ContentFixedGenerated at request timeGenerated by executing client-side program
ExecutionNo execution requiredServer-side executionClient-side execution
Content ChangesNoYesYes
Processing LocationServerServerClient (Browser)
TechnologiesHTML, XML, XHTML, XSLJSP, ASP, CGI, ColdFusionJava Applets, JavaScript
ExamplesHome page, brochureWeather, stock pricesAnimations, interactive forms

Summary

Web documents are the resources accessed through the World Wide Web and are classified into static, dynamic, and active documents. Static documents have fixed content stored on the server, dynamic documents are generated by the server when requested, and active documents contain programs or scripts that execute on the client side to provide interactive features.

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